The language sciences are divided into several fields of study, each focusing on linguistic phenomena from a specific angle. Here are some of the possibilities for study and research in linguistics:
PHONETICS is the study of the different sounds used in any language.
PHONOLOGY is the study of the patterns of basic sounds in a specific language.
MORPHOLOGY is the study of the internal structure of words, how they are formed and how they are grouped into classes.
SYNTAX is the study of the functions that words or expressions (phrases) perform in a sentence.
SEMANTICS is the study of the meanings of sentences and of the words that compose them.
LEXICOLOGY is the study of the set of words of a language, a field that contributes to lexicography, the practice of compiling dictionaries, encyclopaedias and other works describing the use or meaning of the lexicon.
LEXICON is the set of words of a language.
TERMINOLOGY is the set of specific terms or system of words used in a particular discipline (e.g. the terminology of botany, linguistics or mathematics), also known as NOMENCLATURE.
STYLISTICS is the study of style in language.
PRAGMATICS studies and analyses the concrete use of language by speakers in their various contexts. PRAGMATICS goes beyond the meaning assigned to words by SEMANTICS and SYNTAX by observing the extralinguistic context in which they occur, that is, it deals with speech acts and their cultural and social implications.
PHILOLOGY is the rigorous study of ancient written documents and their transmission, in order to establish, interpret and edit these texts.
HERMENEUTICS is a word of Greek origin meaning the art or technique of interpreting and explaining a text or discourse.
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